托福口语信号词点明句间关系

新托福口语考试中的阅读材料只是一个百十来字的段落，阅读时我们不应把每个句子都孤立开来，而是要把所有的句子连成一个整体，今天小编给大家带来了托福口语信号词点明句间关系,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。

托福口语信号词点明句间关系

Women could and did play a part in this process of settlement. Iceland, for instance, was uninhabited, and a permanent population could only be established if women also made the journey there. (后一句的具体事例为前一句提供说明与解释)

People borrowed more and more money so that they could buy these shares. Because of this, the American people started to believe that share prices could only go up further. (“because of”明显的因果关系)

Astronomy is a science that deals with all the celestial bodies in the universe. Astronomy includes the study of planets and their satellites, comets and meteors, stars and interstellar matter, star systems and clusters. (后一句是对前一句celestial bodies 的进一步解释)

Previously it was believed that due to the Archaeopteryx’s (始祖鸟) underdeveloped anatomy, it would not have been able to fly. However, research by the London Natural History Museum into its brain developed and that it had good vision and a good sense of balance — all the requirements for a creature to be able to fly. (“However”转折对比)

阅读时，我们可以根据段落中出现的一些信号词(Signal Words)来判断句子与句子之间的关系，掌握段落发展线索，来调整阅读速度，提高阅读质量。

1.托福口语中，显示相同信息的信号词

There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.

“likewise”这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次出现。因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。这样的信号词还包括：

and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example

2.托福口语中，显示思路转折的信号词

I’d like to go but I’m too busy.

“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显示了作者的思路在这里有了转折。阅读时，碰到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以准确获取作者真正想要说明的意思。这类信号词还有：

although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet

3.托福口语中，显示因果关系的信号词

As a result of the pilots’ strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.

All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots’ strike.

所有航班被取消的原因是因为飞行员们的罢工;飞行员们的罢工导致了所有的航班不得不被取消。显示因果关系的信号词还有：

for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently

4.托福口语中，显示顺序的信号词：

Internet speeds communication between companies, among co-workers through video-conferences, and among other individuals. First, media companies use the Internet for online news, or to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television programs, while individuals use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, buying and selling goods and services. Second, the notion of distance disappears thanks to the Internet. People also enjoy instant messaging to exchange text messages or pictures in real time, with real-time video and sound. Finally, scientists and scholars use the Internet to perform research, distribute lecture notes or course materials to students, they communicate with colleagues, and can also publish papers and articles.

抓住了这样的信号词就把握住了作者叙述的顺序，也就分清了相对独立的论据。这样的信号词包括：

first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next, last, afterward, finally

5.托福口语中，表示结论/总结的信号词

In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.

词组“in conclusion”前面所提到的一些信息将在这里被归纳总结。读到带有这样的信号词或短语的句子时，应格外留心注意，它们往往会向我们提示相关段落的核心信息。表示结论或总结的信号词和短语还有：

as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word

托福口语：数词句型积累

数词句型：

21. It takes me three clear / cleanly days. 它花了我整整三天时间。

22. There are fifty and odd (or and more) students in our class. 我们班有五十余人。

23. The total expense amount to a hundred dollars. 全部费用合计100 美元。

24. We were fifteen, all told. 我们一共十五人。

25. The delegation consisted of 15, inclusive of (including) two interpreters. 代表团共十五人，包括两名翻译在内。

26. There were fifty people present, not counting (excluding) the children. 出席者达五十人， 儿童未计算在内。

27. We take a rest at intervals of two hours. 我们每隔两小时休息一次。

28. I ask you to teach me every other day. 我请你每隔一天来教我。

29. Beijing is ten times as big as my home town. 北京有我的家乡十个那么大。

30. The sun is a huge blazing ball, a million times larger than the earth. 太阳是个庞大的炽燃火球，比地球大一百多万倍。

31. By comparison with 1992, the foreign trade turnover of that country in 2003 increased (to) 3.5 times. 与1992年相比，这个国家2003年对外贸易总额增加了2.5 倍(增加到3.5 倍)。

32. That table measures three feet by three. 那张桌子三英尺长，三英尺宽。

33. He valued the house for me at ?,500. 这房子他替我作价为三千五百镑。

34. His coat is rated at 20 yuan. 他的大衣值价二十元。

35. The job was finished at a sitting (a stretch). 这工作一下子(一口气)就做完了。

托福口语如何答题

新托福在近年来了一次大变脸，取消了语法部分，增加了口语测试。其中口试部分，共六道题目，每题4分，难度较大。特别是后四道题，融读、听、说于一体。其中第三题提供一篇百词左右的阅读材料，考生需在45秒内读完，然后再听一段长达1~2分钟的对话，30秒后，给考生1分钟时间陈述两段材料和对话。

“这个难度很大，很多考生栽在口试上。”专家称，以口试第三题为例，考生需经历读、听、思、说四个步骤。时间只有15秒、30秒，稍一“打野”，就一抹黑了。

在口语测试中，考生不必陈述自己的观点，而是用听读材料中的具体信息作答。这其实就是在考查学生是否具备了对先前读到、听到的材料进行快速归纳、总结、融合，然后再用口语复述的能力。很多考生反映，最不适应的题型就是口语先听后说部分。这“最不适应”反映出了考生对新托福的新题型产生了严重的“水土不服”。

新托福与旧托福相比较，增加了口语和综合能力测试，对阅读和写作占优势的多数考生来说，新托福“放倒”一批考生也在情理之中。

考生在强化口语表达能力的同时，切不可忽略了阅读和听力。专家建议，平时在上课时，可尝试用英语做笔记，锻炼汉语转换成英语的反馈能力。

“很多考生在口语测试中，容易犯‘鹅、鹅、鹅’的笑话，即不时卡壳。”老师们说，在新托福的口试中，考生要谨记放慢语速，如果用很快的语速作答，稍有停顿，考官会误认为你是由于词汇量不够而卡壳。对此，专家建议，平时最好有意识地锻炼自己的词语运用能力，如和同学一起做“句子接龙”游戏，以某句话为故事开端，每个人顺势接一个英语句子，情节足够丰富后，即成一个有趣的故事。

此外，新托福会经常出现一些专用词汇，如医学类、生物类等。学生平时记单词时要留意生僻的专用词汇，即使不会拼写，也要做到“眼熟”、“耳熟”，不要让这些生涩的词汇影响了在口语考试里的表现。

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