巴黎圣母院塔尖将按原样重建

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巴黎圣母院塔尖将按原样重建

Notre Dame: Cathedral's spire will be restored to 19th Century design

巴黎圣母院塔尖将按原样重建

法国总统马克龙7月9日同意了专家委员会的建议，将尽量按照原样重建巴黎圣母院塔尖。马克龙此前曾表示支持给巴黎圣母院增添一些现代元素。不过根据最近的民意测验，大多数法国人希望巴黎圣母院能按原样重建。马克龙希望巴黎圣母院能在2024年之前恢复往昔的辉煌，特别是能够赶上2024年巴黎奥运会。 File photo taken on June 9, 2020 shows the Notre Dame de Paris cathedral under repair after it was badly damaged by a huge fire on April 15, 2019. [Photo/Xinhua]The spire of Notre Dame cathedral, which was destroyed in a fire last April, will be restored according to the original Gothic design.

去年四月在一场大火中被烧毁的巴黎圣母院的塔尖将按照原来的哥特式设计重建。

spire[ˈspaɪə(r)]：n.尖顶;尖塔

French President Emmanuel Macron announced the decision, putting an end to speculation that the spire would be rebuilt in a modern style.

法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙宣布了这一决定，从而结束了以现代风格重建塔尖的猜测。

Mr Macron had previously hinted he was in favour of a "contemporary gesture".

马克龙此前曾暗示，他支持“现代风格”。

However he has said he wants the restoration to be completed by 2024, when Paris is hosting the Olympics.

然而他表示，希望重建工作能在2024年完成，届时巴黎将举办奥运会。

This combination photo shows the landmark steeple of Notre Dame Cathedral before (left) and after the devastating fire. Agence France-Presse

The Elysée said Mr Macron's main concern was "not delaying the reconstruction and making it complicated - things had to be cleared up quickly".

爱丽舍宫表示，马克龙的主要担忧是“不要拖延重建和使其复杂化——必须尽快解决”。

It added that the process of designing a modern spire, with an international competition for architects, could have caused unnecessary delays.

爱丽舍宫补充说，设计现代尖塔的过程，加上全球建筑师竞标，可能会造成不必要的延误。

"The president trusts the experts and approved the main outlines of the project presented by the chief architect which plans to reconstruct the spire identically," the Elysée said.

爱丽舍宫表示：“总统信任专家，并批准了首席建筑师提出的重建项目概要，计划按原样对塔尖进行重建。”

The announcement followed a meeting of France's national heritage and architecture commission (CNPA).

该声明是在法国国家遗产和建筑委员会召开会议后宣布的。

When the 13th century roof of the Paris cathedral caught fire during restoration works in April 2019 it sparked a vast outpouring of emotion, as well as donations from across the world.

2019年4月，巴黎圣母院建于13世纪的屋顶在修复工作中起火，引发了众人的悲伤之情，世界各地的人们也为此进行了捐赠。

Within two days about €900m had been raised for the cathedral's restoration.

两天之内，巴黎圣母院的修复工作就筹集到大约9亿欧元(约合人民币71亿元)。

The cathedral's first spire was built in the 13th Century, but due to extensive damage it was removed in the late 18th Century. Its replacement, designed by architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, was built in the mid-19th Century.

巴黎圣母院的第一个塔尖建于13世纪，但由于严重损坏，在18世纪末被拆除。新的塔尖由建筑师尤金·维奥莱特-勒-德克设计，建于19世纪中期。

A man wearing a face mask listens to the Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral's great bell ringing, as a mark of the building's resilience one year after a devastating fire, during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, France, April 15, 2020. [Photo/Agencies]Since last year's fire, discussion over how to restore the spire has been tense.

自去年火灾以来，关于如何重建塔尖的讨论一直很激烈。

Jean-Louis Georgelin, the army general put in charge of the reconstruction effort, wanted a modern alternative. This idea appeared briefly to have President Macron's backing, when he said he would be in favour of a "contemporary gesture".

负责重建工作的陆军将军让-路易•乔治林想按照现代风格重建塔尖。这个想法似乎曾得到马克龙总统的支持，马克龙说他将支持“现代风格”。

This sparked a wave of unconventional proposals from architects around the world - including one design with a rooftop pool, and another with a giant park and greenhouse on the roof.

于是全球建筑师纷纷提出非传统方案——包括屋顶有游泳池的设计，另外一个设计中，屋顶上有一个巨大的公园和温室。

But the cathedral's chief architect Philippe Villeneuve spoke out strongly in favour of a faithful restoration to the previous, 19th Century design.

但巴黎圣母院的首席建筑师菲利普·维伦纽夫表示强烈支持按照19世纪的原样设计重建。

In one particularly heated exchange last November, Gen Georgelin told Mr Villeneuve to "shut his mouth" - causing audible gasps in a meeting of the National Assembly's cultural affairs committee.

在去年11月一次特别激烈的讨论中，乔治林将军告诉维伦纳夫“闭上嘴”——这在国民议会文化事务委员会的一次会议上引起了争论。

【小知识】

巴黎圣母院是哥特式建筑，位于巴黎市中心塞纳河畔，始建于1163年，于1345年完工，是法国最具代表性的古迹之一。2019年4月15日，圣母院的屋顶和塔尖在大火中被烧毁。巴黎圣母院正式修复工程预计从2021年开始。

在外地吃到家乡美食，容易种草还是踩雷?

每一个答案背后可能都是一张错付的嘴，一个被辜负的胃。

知乎网友“一只福饼”是兰州人。

在南京上学的时候，校门口开了一家兰州拉面，服务员小哥在门口喊：正宗兰州拉面，正宗哦～

我：真的吗?

服务员小哥：当然正宗!美女你哪里人?进来尝尝嘛～

我：兰州的。

服务员小哥：。。。。。。那算了。

那算了……算了……

但兰州人向来是不承认有拉面的，只有兰州牛肉面，讲究“一清、二白、三红、四绿、五黄”，即汤清、萝卜片白、辣椒油红、香菜和蒜苗绿，以及面条黄亮。

Lanzhou beef noodles.[Photo provided to chinadaily.com.cn]

Lanzhou beef noodles

兰州牛肉面

Lanzhou beef noodles originated from Lanzhou, Gansu province in China. This dish was first created by the Hui people and its recipe has been passed on for generations. Today in Lanzhou alone there are more than 1,000 beef noodle restaurants, an affirmation to the popularity of the dish.

兰州牛肉面起源于中国甘肃省兰州市。 这道菜最初是由回族人发明的，其配方已由一代代人传承至今。 如今仅在兰州就已有1000多家牛肉面馆，这也反映了兰州牛肉面的受欢迎程度。

许多年前长沙人在外地可能会被问去没去过湖南卫视看节目现场，现在他们可能会被问“街上的长沙臭豆腐是不是正宗的?”

武汉的各大街头”长沙臭豆腐，长沙臭豆腐，10元一份，我们的臭豆腐特地从长沙空运而来......"

空运而来!!!

——李玉阳

File photo: Stinky tofu is seen fried at a restaurant in New Taipei city, July 25, 2013. [Photo/Agencies]stinky tofu

臭豆腐

Stinky tofu is a Chinese form of fermented tofu that has a strong odor. It is usually sold at night markets or roadside stands as a snack, or in lunch bars as a side dish, rather than in restaurants.

臭豆腐是中国发酵豆腐的一种，具有强烈的气味。 它通常在夜市或路边摊上作为小吃出售，或者在快餐店卖当小菜卖，一般餐馆里没有。

Stinky tofu is a symbol of Changsha street snack, and it is also called "chòu gānzï" by local people. Changsha stinky tofu is famous for its spicy flavor. Different from Sichuan stinky tofu, Changsha-style has black crackling.

臭豆腐是长沙街头小吃的象征，当地人也称其为“臭干子”。 长沙臭豆腐以其辛辣的风味而闻名， 与四川臭豆腐不同，长沙臭豆腐有黑色脆皮。

广东人在四川吃茶餐厅也是要冒一番风险的，毕竟吃辣能力不在一个水平线。网友Koromo在四川参加婚礼期间实在被辣惨了，好不容易找到一家茶餐厅，却…...

第三天我忍无可忍，说我要自己去吃东西。

沿街全都是“免费提供辣椒面”或者“辣X.X.X”或者干脆就是火红的招牌底色。

游荡的时候在万辣中发现了一家【粤式茶餐厅】

我好兴奋啊!!!!!!!!!!!

茶餐厅!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

救星!!!!!!!

恩人!!!!!!!!!!!

我爱你一辈子!!!!!!!!

点了个咖喱猪扒饭,还有奶茶。终于能吃顿好了。。怀着感恩的心挖了一大勺塞进嘴里。

...…辣个咖喱饭，也比平时吃的咖喱要辣!!!真的好辣!!!

我虚弱的问服务员儿：这个怎么咖喱辣么辣。。

她说：噢类个原来组滴不够辣都莫得人次，现在弄得好一dier咯!

Golden crab at Tin Lung Heen restaurant in Hong Kong. [Photo provided to China Daily]Cha chaan teng / Hong Kong-style cafés

茶餐厅

Cha chaan teng, often called Hong Kong-style cafés in English, is a type of restaurant originated in Hong Kong. Cha chaan teng locations are commonly found in Hong Kong, Macao, and parts of Guangdong.

茶餐厅是一种起源于香港的餐厅，通常也被称为港式餐馆。 在香港、澳门和广东的部分地区，都可以找到茶餐厅。

Due to the waves of mass migrations from Hong Kong in the 1980s, they were established in major Chinese communities in Western countries such as Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

由于1980年代香港的大规模移民浪潮，澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国等西方国家的主要华人社区中也出现了许多茶餐厅。

网友李泽昊是内蒙人，在美国留学时看到一道菜叫“Mongolian Beef”(蒙古牛肉)，以为可以吃到家乡牛肉了。点上来一看直接傻眼。

要知道，我这么久在美国吃的实在是太水了，除了汉堡薯条就是taco，看到这道菜简直就是久旱逢甘霖，他乡遇故知啊!!!

赶紧点了一份来尝尝，甚至都已经准备流两滴感动的泪水什么的。

逗我呢??

叫来服务员问这道菜为什么叫"Mongolian beef"?

服务员说：我也不知道，就随便这么叫的。

不是，你这有点太随便了吧+_+

除了上面提到的这些，其他特色食物也没有逃过“异地必雷”这个定律。

南京人在武汉吃金陵鸭血粉丝、天津人在美国吃煎饼果子、太原人在外地吃没醋味儿的过油肉……基本上你在地图上做连线题，每根线都能生产一个故事。

城市化进程和交通的便利让各地特色小吃都有了在异乡扎根的机会。但制作条件的限制、食材特殊的要求、家乡师傅的手艺、本地化的压力，任何一个因素都有可能让人在那2296个答案后面再加上一条。

在异地寻味故土，是比找对象还难的事情。但哪怕明知面前可能是雷，却还是愿意掏钱。为什么呢?

有外媒总结了两点原因：

- 1 - Food preferences are deep and ingrained

食物喜好是根深蒂固的

Many flavors and spices are acquired tastes. If you are exposed to them as a child, you develop a preference for them over time. This doesn’t just apply to extremely specific tastes like, for example, Vegemite. It happens with spices as basic as salt or sugar.

很多味道都是习得的。如果你小时候就接触到了某些味道，那么慢慢你就会对这些味道产生偏好。也不是说只有强烈的特定味道(比方说维吉米特黑酱)才能产生偏好。像是基本的盐味和甜味也能有偏好记忆。

- 2 - Food forms part of your identity

食物形成了你的身份认同

The desire for food from home goes deeper than just craving certain tastes. Food is an important piece by which we define culture, and therefore a piece of how we see ourselves as people. Think about how many holidays are tied to special meals, or how many family traditions are focused on foods or recipes.

对家乡食物的渴求往往并不仅仅停留在想吃某种特定的食物。食物的重要性在于，我们用它来定义文化，同样我们也借食物来观照自身。想想看，有多少节假日是和特定食物绑定在一起的，再者，有多少家庭传统是以食物或食谱为中心的。

大西洋月刊的文章认为，怀旧之情让人无法割舍故乡食物。

Nostalgia—a force that is as commonplace as it is amorphous and deeply personal—shapes people’s connections to the food they grew up eating.

怀旧思乡——这股力量十分普遍、毫无定形、又十分个人化——它塑造了人与从小吃的食物之间的关系。

People return to, and extol the virtues of, their hometown favorites partly because they’re stuck in a dance between their past and present selves, and because they subconsciously want to reaffirm the conclusions they came to as children. Childhood is really an important time in forming your own identity.

人们之所以回到家乡，赞扬家乡美食的好，是因为他们陷在了过去自我与现在自我之间，人们下意识地会想重新确认那些少时就做出过的判断。童年的重要在于它塑造了你个人的身份认同。

难怪有人说：不在异乡尝试故乡擅长的味道是对双方最大的敬意。

那些本地化了的“家乡菜”经不起你的非难，那个家乡的馆子也不忍你在外胡乱解馋。

想家了啊?回去吃吧。

Notes

affirmation [æfərˈmeɪʃn] n证实;确认;确证

crackling [ˈkræklɪŋ] n脆皮

crave [kreɪv] v渴望;热望

commonplace [ˈkɒmənpleɪs] adj平凡的;普通的;普遍的

amorphous [əˈmɔːrfəs] adj无固定形状的;不规则的;无组织的

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