2020下半年翻译资格考试二级笔译提升习题整合
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2020下半年翻译资格考试二级笔译提升习题
Listening to Classical Music at Work Boosts Productivity
The next time you’re struggling to finish up a task at work, throwing on some Bach or Beethoven may worth a try. That’s the main conclusion of an experiment on British workers that found listening to classical music at work can improve productivity by 15%.
An initial survey of 2,000 UK employees revealed that half regularly listen to music on the job. Some of those employees’ bosses reportedly encourage the practice, but others are strictly against it, believing it hurts work performance. So, British classical music station Scala Radio and psychologist Dr. Becky Spelman set out to determine if background music hurts or hinders workplace efficiency.
Four office workers were asked to transcribe two 600-word sets of song lyrics. The first set was transcribed with no music playing, while the other was completed with classical music playing in the background.
The first task, completed in silence, was completed in an average time of 20 minutes and 59 seconds. However, the second transcription exercise that involved music was completed in an average time of 17 minutes and 42 seconds; a difference of three minutes and 17 seconds, or 15%.
“Music has a very powerful impact on the brain. It affects mood, mental performance and physical performance,” says Dr. Spelman in a media release. “Many people find that listening to certain types of instrumental music can help them with their productivity levels. The music can function as a sort of ‘white noise’, cancelling out potentially distracting ambient noise.”
Scala Radio’s initial research had found that many British workers put headphones on first thing when they sit down at their desks to help them concentrate or block out distractions. A third of those respondents said they work harder while listening to music, and 40% think they get more work done.
Many respondents said they listen to music simply to avoid silence (10%), and more than two-thirds of respondents who work from home said they would struggle to concentrate without music playing in the background.
In all, 47% of those polled on their work listening habits said they feel less stressed with background music playing, while over a third said their productivity improves.
“Provided the music has a calm, regular beat, it can actually help us to stay calm, reducing our stress, slowing our heartrate, and moderating our pulse,” says Dr. Spelman. “This makes it easier for us to focus on the task at hand rather than entering into ‘flight or fight’ mode, in which it can be very difficult to think clearly because of our elevated levels of adrenaline and cortisol.”
工作时听古典音乐能提高效率
下次你在努力完成工作任务的时候，听听巴赫或贝多芬的音乐也许是个不错的尝试。一项针对英国员工的实验得出结论，在工作时听古典音乐可以让效率提高15%。
一项对2000名英国员工的初步调查显示，半数员工经常在工作时听音乐。据报道，一些老板鼓励这种做法，但其他老板则对此严格反对，认为这会损害工作表现。因此，英国古典音乐电台Scala Radio和心理学家贝基·斯佩尔曼博士着手研究背景音乐是否会损害或妨碍工作效率。
四名办公室职员被要求抄写两套600字的歌词，第一套是在没有音乐播放的情况下抄写的，而另一套则是在播放古典音乐的背景下完成的。
第一项在静默中完成的抄写任务，平均完成时间为20分59秒。而在听音乐时执行的第二个任务平均完成时间为17分42秒，相差3分17秒，即15%。
斯佩尔曼博士在媒体发布会上表示：“音乐对大脑有着非常强大的影响，它会影响情绪、心理表现和身体表现。许多人发现，听某些类型的器乐可以帮助他们提高工作效率，音乐可以起到某种白噪音的作用，抵消了环境噪音的潜在干扰。”
Scala Radio的初步研究发现，许多英国员工坐在办公桌前时，第一件事就是戴上耳机，以帮助他们集中注意力或排除干扰。三分之一的受访者表示，他们在听音乐的时候工作更努力，40%的人认为他们在听音乐时完成了更多的工作。
也有10%的参与者表示，他们听音乐仅仅是为了避免环境太安静。超过三分之二在家工作的受访者表示，不播放背景音乐，他们很难集中注意力。
总的来说，47%的受访者表示他们在听背景音乐的时候感觉压力变小了，超过三分之一的人表示听音乐时他们的工作效率提高了。
斯佩尔曼博士表示：“如果背景音乐的节拍比较平静、有规律，它实际上可以帮助我们保持平静，减轻我们的压力，减缓我们的心跳，调节我们的脉搏。这使我们更容易专注于手头的任务，而不是进入‘逃跑或战斗’模式，在这种模式下，由于肾上腺素和皮质醇水平升高，我们会很难清晰地思考问题。
2020下半年翻译资格考试二级笔译提升习题
对外开放是经济发展的必由之路
China’s Economy: The Open Road to Development
孙卫东
Sun Weidong
2019年是中华人民共和国成立70周年。在过去70年里，中国经济发展取得了令世界惊叹的成就，成为世界第二大经济体。总结中国长期保持经济快速增长的经验，最重要之一是坚持开放。
1979年改革开放的历史性决策，开启了中国对外开放波澜壮阔的进程。40年来，中国坚持打开国门搞建设，成功实现了从封闭半封闭到全方位开放的伟大转折。对外开放极大解放了中国的社会生产力，促进国内外要素资源自由流动、高效配置，促进中国积极融入全球价值链，推动经济持续快速发展。40年来，中国国内生产总值年均增长约9.5%，对外贸易额年均增长14.5%，实际利用外资累计2万多亿美元，对外直接投资增长40余倍，深度融入全球生产分工和价值链体系，开放型经济发展水平不断提升。中国不仅成为世界第二大经济体，还是第一大工业国、第一大外汇储备国、全球经济增长最大贡献者，也为后发国家发展探索出一条新道路。
2019 marked the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Over the past 70 years, China has made amazing achievements in economic development and become the world’s second-largest economy. Its experience in maintaining high economic growth has been to persist in opening up. The historic decision of reform and opening up in 1978 started this process. In the past 40 years, China has pursued development with doors wide open, and made an impressive transition from being a largely closed society to one that’s open to the world in all respects. Opening up has greatly unleashed China’s productive forces, facilitated the free flow and efficient allocation of factors and resources at home and abroad, promoted China’s active integration into the global value chain, and pushed sustained and rapid economic development.
During this period, China’s GDP has grown at an average annual rate of about 9.5%, and its foreign trade at 14.5%. The actual foreign capital utilisation is more than $2 trillion, with outbound direct investment growing more than 40 times. All the while, it has been deeply integrated into the global production and value chain system.
China is not only the world’s second largest economy, but also the largest industrial country, the largest foreign exchange reserve country, and the largest contributor to global economic growth. Meantime, China has also explored a new path for the development of late-developing countries.
开放带来进步，是后发经济体获得发展不可或缺的动力。中国40年改革开放的成就印证了这一点，亚洲其他一些经济体的发展路径也佐证了这一点。开放也是经贸合作的前提。中印两国市场规模巨大，产业结构互补，经济发展迅速，合作前景广阔，以开放态度促进双边贸易和投资，维护经贸合作平衡发展，是正确选择，也符合共同利益。
Openness brings progress, and is an indispensable impetus for emerging economies. China’s achievements in the last 40-odd years have confirmed this point, as have the development paths of some other Asian economies. Openness is also a prerequisite for international economic and trade cooperation.
China and India have huge markets, complementary industrial structures, rapid economic development and broad prospects for cooperation. To promote bilateral trade and investment, maintaining balanced development of economic and trade cooperation is the right choice for both sides, and serves common interests.
开放带来广泛机遇，也需面对很多挑战。如何应对这些挑战?中国经验是保持积极，正确认识，勇于改革，化危为机。中国对外开放40年来，特别是2001年加入WTO后，国内部分产业遭受很大冲击，但通过加快国内改革、改善营商环境和调整产业结构等，国内产业不仅挺了过来，竞争力还显著增强。应当看到，经济全球化是不可逆转的时代潮流，各国应抓住机遇，顺势而为，积极参与双多边贸易安排，主动融入国际价值链，敢于到世界市场的汪洋大海中去搏击，在游泳中学会游泳，历经风雨才能提升自身的国际竞争力。
Opening up, however, may also bring many challenges. The Chinese response has been to stay positive, gain correct understanding, dare to reform and turn crisis into opportunity. Over the past four decades, especially after China’s accession to the WTO in 2001, some domestic industries have suffered considerably. However, by accelerating domestic reforms, improving the business environment and adjusting the industrial structure, China’s domestic industries have not only survived but have also become more competitive globally.
Globalisation is an irreversible trend. Countries should seize the opportunity, follow the trend, actively participate in bilateral and multilateral trade arrangements, and integrate into the international value chain. One should learn to swim while swimming, and ride the tides in the vast ocean of the world markets. Only after going through storms can we improve our international competitiveness.
中国过去40年发展是在开放条件下取得的，未来中国经济高质量发展也将在更加开放条件下进行。习近平主席曾多次强调，“中国开放的大门不会关闭，只会越开越大。”当前，中国正继续加快扩大开放步伐，提高对外开放水平，大幅度放宽市场准入，全面放开制造业，创造更有吸引力的投资环境。我们欢迎各国企业积极开拓中国市场，也呼吁各国继续扩大本国市场开放。
China’s high-quality development can only be carried out under more open conditions. President Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed that ‘China’s door to openness will not be closed, it will only open wider’. Today, China continues to accelerate this pace, substantially easing market access, fully liberalising manufacturing, and creating a more attractive investment environment. The country welcomes companies from all over the world to actively explore the booming Chinese market, and call on all countries to continue opening up their own markets.
近年来，经济全球化在曲折中前行，单边主义、保护主义愈演愈烈，多边主义和多边贸易体制受到严重冲击。我们认为，在世界经济经历深刻调整变革之时，各国只有继续保持开放，才能使不同国家相互受益、共同繁荣、持久发展。中国的发展离不开世界，世界的持续繁荣也需要中国。因此，中国坚持走开放融通、互利共赢之路，坚定维护多边贸易体制，坚决反对各种形式的保护主义，推进全球贸易投资自由化便利化，推进区域经济一体化，主张构建开放型世界经济。
Of late, though, unilateralism and protectionism have been on the rise, and multilateralism seriously impacted. As the world economy undergoes profound adjustments and changes, only by continuing to open up can countries benefit each other, achieve common prosperity and maintain sustainable development.
China’s development is inseparable from the world, and the world needs China for continued prosperity. It is firmly committed to openness, inclusiveness and mutual benefit, and firmly upholds the multilateral trading system, oppose protectionism of all forms, promote global trade and investment liberalisation and facilitation, promote regional economic integration, and advocate an open world economy.
坚持开放，是理念，更是行动，不仅体现于平常，也体现在困难时刻。当前，中国政府和人民正全力以赴同新冠肺炎疫情做斗争，采取了最全面、最严格的防控举措，各国政府和世界卫生组织都对此给予充分肯定。作为负责任国家，中国的努力不仅是在保护本国人民的健康，也是在维护包括印度在内的世界人民的健康。疫情终将过去，中国经济向好趋势也不会变。风物长宜放眼量。在这个特殊时刻，各国应保持冷静，加强合作，遵循世界卫生组织建议，保持进出口开放，尽快恢复贸易和人员正常往来，同舟共济，共克时艰，为更广更大范围的开放合作创造良好条件。
Openness is not only an idea, but also an action. It is reflected not only in ordinary but also in difficult times. At present, the Chinese government and people are making all-out efforts to combat the novel coronavirus (nCoV), and have taken comprehensive and rigorous prevention and control measures. As a responsible country, China’s efforts are not only protecting the health of its own people, but also that of the people of the world, including India. The epidemic will eventually end, and China’s positive economic trend will not change. It is important to take a long-term perspective. Countries should follow WHO recommendations, stay calm, strengthen cooperation, and keep imports and exports open. We should also resume and maintain trade and the movement of people, creating favourable conditions for greater openness and broader cooperation.
2020下半年翻译资格考试二级笔译提升习题
阿里巴巴进军英国 两个数据中心落地伦敦
阿里巴巴云——由中国企业家马云创立的阿里巴巴集团旗下的云计算子公司——周一宣布，将在英国开设两个数据中心。2016年，阿里巴巴在法兰克福和迪拜启动了数据中心。
与它类似，英国数据中心将提供7天24小时的服务，包括弹性计算、存储、数据库、网络、应用服务和大数据分析、安全和工程等产品和服务，满足中国海外和欧洲客户日益增长的需求。数据在两个可用的中心之间传递，可以建立更强的灾难恢复能力。
随着全球云计算市场的发展，企业经验的增加让企业产品、技术和部署日趋成熟。IT产业研究机构Freeform Dynamics主管、著名分析师托尼·洛克认为，阿里云来到欧洲，不仅是一个对于该公司而言重要的里程碑，而且对于市场而言，欧洲、中东、非洲(简称为EMEA)的企业都多了一个重要的全球云选择机会。”
总部位于伦敦的Ascential公司使用中国阿里巴巴的云营销优化服务，该司首席信息官肖恩·哈利表示，在这个日益复杂、数字驱动的世界，阿里巴巴云是一个强大且可扩展的公共云平台，将为英国合作伙伴提供深入了解中国市场的机会。
阿里巴巴云是全球第五大云服务提供商，仅次于亚马逊、微软、谷歌和IBM。随着伦敦数据中心的开设，阿里云目前在19个地区共拥有52个数据中心区域，包括美国、英国、德国、日本和中国这五个最大的云计算市场。
阿里巴巴云集团欧洲、中东和非洲地区总经理王烨明表示：“阿里云一直以来都致力于服务客户。我们在英国及欧洲扩张，是因为当地对这项业务需求的不断增长。我们的最新数据中心采用人工智能和数据驱动技术，为客户提供从机器学习功能到预测数据分析的各种云服务的完整访问，确保继续提供优质的服务水平。”
Alibaba Cloud Expands to UK with Two Data Centers
Alibaba Cloud, the cloud computing arm of the Alibaba Group founded by Chinese entrepreneur Jack Ma, announced the opening of two availability zones in the UK on Monday in addition to its Frankfurt and Dubai data centers launched in 2016.
Similar to those locations, the UK data centers will offer 24/7 on-site support, including elastic computing, storage and database capabilities, network and application services and analytics, security and engineering, among other services, which satisfy the growing demand of Chinese overseas and European clients. Stronger disaster-recovery capabilities will be established given that the data is spread between the two available centers.
With the development of the global cloud computing market, increasing enterprise experience has led to a maturity of products, technology and deployments of companies. Tony Lock, Distinguished Analyst and Director of Engagement of information technology consultancy Freeform Dynamics, said that the arrival of Alibaba Cloud to Europe is an important milestone not only for the company, but for the market, by providing another significant worldwide cloud option for businesses in Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA).
In the increasingly complex, digitally-driven world, Alibaba Cloud is a robust and scalable public cloud platform that will offer British partners insight into the Chinese market, according to Sean Harley, chief information officer at Ascential, a London-based marketing optimization service that uses the Alibaba Cloud in China.
Alibaba Cloud is the world’s fifth-largest cloud provider, behind Amazon, Microsoft, Google, and IBM. With its latest facility, Alibaba Cloud now has 52 availability zones in 19 regions around the world, including the five largest cloud computing markets: The United States, the UK, Germany, Japan and China.
“At Alibaba Cloud, we are – and always have been – committed to our customers. Our expansion into the United Kingdom, and by extension into Europe, is in direct response to the rapidly increasing demands we have seen for local facilities within the region,” said Yeming Wang, General Manager of Alibaba Cloud EMEA, in an interview with Businesswire. “Using AI-powered and data-driven technology, our latest data centers will offer customers complete access to our wide range of cloud services from machine learning capabilities to predictive data analytics – ensuring that we continue to offer an unparalleled level of service.”
2020下半年翻译资格考试二级笔译提升习题
Revealed: Why You Should Never Dunk a Biscuit in a Cup of Tea in the Office
职场饼干文化：独享惹人厌 分享更快乐
Tens of thousands of workers across the country enjoy a cup of tea and a biscuit at their desks but now a study has revealed you should never dunk at the office if you want to keep your colleagues on side.
英国有数万名职员有在办公桌前用饼干蘸着茶水吃的习惯，但一项最新研究显示，如果你不想把同事从身边赶跑，就千万不要这么做。
Dunking at your desk is considered a major faux-pas by a fifth of British tea drinking office workers, according to a new survey of 2,000 employees by McVitie’s.
共有两千名职员参与了麦维他公司开展的这项调查，结果显示，有五分之一有饮茶习惯的英国职员认为，在办公桌边用饼干蘸着茶水吃是很失礼的行为。
That’s in spite of a whopping 71 percent admitting they love to soak their biscuit in a cuppa.
尽管有多达71%的受访者承认，他们喜欢用饼干蘸着茶水吃。
The study also showed that other deplorable biscuit offences include opening a packet of biscuits that didn’t belong to them, reports Cosmopolitan.com.
据大都会网站报道，调查还显示，其他让人讨厌的吃饼干行为还有，打开别人的饼干。
Leaving a trail of crumbs on someone’s desk was also considered to be an abomination, with 38 percent calling this a major faux-pas.
在别人的办公桌上留下一堆饼干屑也让人生厌，有38%的受访者认为这是很失礼的行为。
Biscuits don’t always divide colleagues however, according to another study.
但根据另一项研究，饼干并不总是造成同事之间的隔阂。
A previous survey by McVitie’s found that half of British workers say sharing the sweet treats with colleagues makes them feel happier, with more than a quarter saying they even helped forge stronger relationships.
麦维他公司之前开展的一项研究显示，半数的英国职员认为与同事分享甜食让他们更开心，超过四分之一的人说这还有助于增进同事关系。
Ten percent of office workers say that sharing biscuits even helped them bag a romantic date with one of their colleagues.
10%的受访职员表示，和同事分享饼干甚至曾促成过同事之间的约会。
According to the research, people in social care are the biggest biscuit sharers at work, followed by accountants and teachers.
这项研究发现，从事社会护理工作的职员最爱和同事分享饼干，会计和教师排在其后。
However, some workforces love their biscuits so much, they just can’t bear to share them, with more than a third of British workers confessing to going to great lengths to keeping them all for themselves.
然而，还一些职员太爱吃饼干了，因此不愿与他人分享。超过三分之一的英国受访者表示会想尽办法不去分享。
More than a quarter of construction workers have eaten biscuits in their car so colleagues wouldn’t see, while 17 percent of IT workers confess to eating biscuits on the sly.
超过四分之一的建筑工人曾在车里吃饼干，这样同事就看不到了。有17%的网络技术职员称他们会暗地里偷偷吃。
And a fifth of those working in hospitality and entertainment admit to hiding away their treats in the company toilet so they can enjoy their favorite biscuits in secret.
有五分之一的服务业和娱乐业职员承认，他们会把饼干偷藏在公司卫生间，这样就可以偷偷享用了。
Judi James, communication and body language expert, told FEMAIL: “We live in a digital world where we’re more connected than ever, with a growing number of ‘digital friends’, but it’s those moments of real human connection that are increasingly important and help to support our own physical and emotional health.”
交流和肢体语言专家朱迪·詹姆斯告诉每日邮报网站女性版说：“我们生活在数字时代，比以往联系都更加紧密，有越来越多的‘数字朋友’。但在真实世界与人交流的时刻越来越重要，也有助于我们个人的身心健康。”
“The simple act of sharing biscuits with friends or colleagues can facilitate those little moments of face-to-face connection that can have a significant impact on your work and social life.”
“与朋友或同事分享饼干这一简单行为可以促进面对面交流，对我们的工作和社交生活有重要影响。”